Typology Authors Timeline

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Chronological Overview #

1921       Jung — Psychological Types
1940s      Myers & Briggs — MBTI (drawing on Jung)
1940s-90s  Eysenck — PEN model (separate trait tradition)
1960s-90s  Lexical/factor tradition — Big Five / Five-Factor Model
1970s      Augustinavičiūtė — Socionics (drawing on Jung + Kępiński)
1993       Afanasyev — Psychosophy / Psyche-Yoga
late 1990s Temporistics — Nika Sherman / Dr. Radut + Alexander Latyshev

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Individual Authors #

Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) #

Contributions:

• Introduced 4 psychological functions: Thinking, Feeling, Sensing, Intuition
• Introduced attitude types: Extraversion and Introversion
• Defined the "psychic energy" (libido) concept
• Established a major foundation for later Jungian and type-based systems, especially MBTI and related traditions

Key Publication:

Jung, C.G. (1921). Psychologische Typen. Zürich: Rascher.
[English: Psychological Types, 1971]

Notes:

• Jung did NOT use MBTI dichotomies (J/P, S/N in current form)
• His system was qualitative, not quantitative
• Extraversion/Introversion = direction of psychic energy

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Hans Jürgen Eysenck (1916-1997) #

Contributions:

• Developed the PEN model: Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism
• Emphasized biological/biochemical basis for personality
• Introduced cortical arousal theory (introverts have higher baseline arousal)
• Used factor analysis for empirical research

Key Publication:

Eysenck, H.J. (1967). The Biological Basis of Personality. Springfield, IL: Thomas.
Eysenck, S.B.G. & Eysenck, H.J. (1976). Psychoticism and Impulse Control. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.),
Research in Personality (Vol. 2). London: Pergamon.

Notes:

• "Psychoticism" in his model = antisocial behavior, NOT psychosis
• Eysenck's Extraversion = cortical arousal level, NOT the same as Jung's
• This is a common source of confusion — same word, different construct

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Aušra Augustinavičiūtė (1927-2005) #

Contributions:

• Founded Socionics (Соционика), extending Jung's work
• Developed Model A — structure of 8 cognitive functions
• Introduced 16 information metabolism types
• Systematized intertype relationships (Supervision, Mirage, Dual, etc.)

Key Publication:

Augustinavičiūtė, A. (1990). Model and Theory in Structure of Information Metabolism.
Vilnius: LTOU. [in Lithuanian]

Notes:

• Based her work on Jung's psychological types PLUS Antoni Kępiński's information metabolism theory
• NOT the same as MBTI — Socionics has different function structure
• MBTI and Socionics types do NOT map 1:1 (e.g., ENTJ ≠ LIE despite appearances)

Other Names:

• Sometimes spelled "Augustinaviciute" or "Augustinavichyute"
• Some secondary sources interpret "Model A" as referring to Augustinavičiūtė, but this attribution should be treated cautiously

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Antoni Kępiński (1918-1972) #

Contributions:

• Developed the theory of information metabolism (metabolizm informacyjny)
• Proposed that psyche processes information like an organism processes substances
• Proposed information metabolism as a model of organism-environment informational exchange
• Augustinavičiūtė later drew on his information-metabolism concept when formulating Socionics

Key Publication:

Kępiński, A. (1972). Introduction to the Study of Information Metabolism.
Warsaw: PZWL. [in Polish]

Notes:

• Died in 1972, before Socionics emerged as a distinct typology
• His work is lesser-known in English due to language barriers
• Important for understanding the information-metabolism metaphor later used in Socionics

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Alexander Afanasyev (1940s-?) #

Contributions:

• Created Psychosophy (also known as Psychoyoga or Attitudinal Psyche)
• Model: 4 functions (Will, Emotion, Logic, Physics) × 4 positions
• 24 base types + theoretical 81 comprehensive types
• Based partially on Jung and Berdyaev

Key Publication:

Afanasyev, A. (1993). Syntax of Love (Синтаксис любви). Moscow. [in Russian]

Notes:

• 25th "type" = 2-2-2-2 — person with balanced development
• Different from Socionics — uses different function set
• "Function" in Psychosophy = different from Jungian "function"

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Other Contributors #

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Attribution Guidance #

Common Errors to Avoid #

Correct Attribution #

Jung → Psychological Types (1921)
  → Myers/Briggs → MBTI (1940s)
  → Augustinavičiūtė → Socionics (1970s), alongside Kępiński's information-metabolism metaphor

Lexical / factor-analytic tradition → Big Five / Five-Factor Model
Eysenck → PEN model

Afanasyev → Psychosophy (1993)
Nika Sherman / Dr. Radut + Alexander Latyshev → Temporistics (late 1990s), drawing on Afanasyev and Berdyaev among other influences

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System Lineage Map #

Jung (1921) ──┬──> Myers/Briggs → MBTI
              └──> Augustinavičiūtė → Socionics

Kępiński ────────────────┘

Lexical / factor-analytic tradition ──> Big Five / Five-Factor Model
Eysenck ─────────────────────────────> PEN model

Afanasyev ───────────────┐
Berdyaev ────────────────┼──> Temporistics (Sherman / Radut + Latyshev)
Latyshev naming/editorial┘

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Notes on This Project #

We use Socionics as the primary tactical-level system because:

1. It has a more elaborated internal literature than Psychosophy or Temporistics
2. It offers a clearer information-metabolism metaphor for this project's modeling needs
3. It has a more developed intertype relationship tradition
4. Its function-based model allows for more nuanced compatibility analysis

All three niche typologies remain weakly supported in mainstream personality science, so this project's use of them should be treated as exploratory rather than settled validation.

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Related Pages #

• Cross-Typology Terminology Conflicts — Terminology differences across systems
• Socionics Detailed — Socionics function definitions
• Psychosophy Detailed — Psychosophy function definitions
• Temporistics Detailed — Temporistics aspects
• Core Glossary — Core terminology

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This document will be updated as more historical research is completed.

Source Assessment #

What the Source Claims #

The timeline claims to order major authors, publications, schools, and conceptual transitions relevant to the three typology traditions.

Data or Evidence Provided #

Its evidence is attributed publication dates, biographical sources, and repository source notes; it contains no test of any typological claim.

Limitations #

Dates, translations, editions, priority claims, and school lineage can be incomplete or disputed.

What BWB Accepts #

BWB accepts the timeline as provenance and historical orientation.

What Remains Contested or Open #

Exact influence, priority, authorship, and the interpretation of particular transitions remain open where primary sources are unavailable.

Rejected or Historical-Only #

BWB rejects using chronology, fame, or priority as empirical validation of a construct or mechanism.